Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood are predictive of adulthood arterial stiffness.
However, it is unknown whether this relationship varies by race or sex.
Methods
Six hundred and eighty adults aged 24 to 43 had been followed for an average of 26.3 years, from the Bogalusa Heart Study. Brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity (bapWV)
measured by an automatic oscillometric technique was used as the outcome variable
for arterial stiffness during adulthood. Body mass index (BMi), low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, and systolic
blood pressure (SBP), all measured in childhood, were used as predictors. The average
values of childhood measurements at multiple time points were used, standardized to
age, race, and sex-specific z-scores.
Results
In the total sample, childhood SBP was the only significant predictor (P<0.001) for adult baPWV. Significant interactions between sex and BMI (P=0.001), between sex and LDL-C (P=0.035), and between race and HDL-C (P=0.002) on adult baPWV were identified. Childhood predictors of adult baPWV were BMI
(30.9 cm/s reduction in baPWV per standard deviation increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]:
−55.0, −6.9 cm/s), LDL-C (30.8 cm/s increase, 95% CI: 2.9, 59.5 cm/s), and HDL-C (46.8 cm/s reduction, 95% CI: −76.2, −17.4 cm/s) in white males; SBP (38.2 cm/s increase, 95% CI: 11.0, 65.4 cm/s) in white females; BMI (71.3 cm/s reduction, 95% CI: –119.9, −22.7 cm/s) in black males; and none in black females.
Conclusions
The associations of childhood cardiovascular risk factors with adult arterial stiffness
varied by race and sex.
Key Indexing Terms
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Article info
Footnotes
The Bogalusa Heart Study is supported by grants 5R01ES021724 from National Institute of Environmental Health Science, and 2R01AG016592 from the National Institute on Aging. S. Li is a scholar of the Building Interdisciplinary Research in Women's Health program, supported by Award Number K12HD043451 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development or the National Institutes of Health. S. Li is partly supported by Grant 13SDG14650068 from American Heart Association.
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
