Renal stones are a relatively common problem in the United States. The lifetime risk
for renal stones is estimated to be 10-15% with an estimated recurrence rate of 50%
over 10 years. The usual renal stones consist predominantly of crystalline components
such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid and magnesium ammonium phosphate
and a small amount of matrix which accounts for less than 2.5% organic matrix by weight.
The matrix consists predominantly of various proteins and some mucopolysaccharides.
However, in rare cases, the patients form “matrix stones” in which the matrix contributes
to approximately 65% of the dry weight on average with values ranging from 42-84%
and contain no or only a small amount of crystalline components.
1
The composition of the matrix substance found in the usual crystalline stones is
similar to that found in matrix stones. Efavirenz, a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase
inhibitor, is a commonly used antiretroviral agent. We report a case of Efavirenz-associated
matrix stone, an uncommon and rare form of kidney stone in a human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV)-positive patient with recurrent Escherichia coli (E. coli) urinary tract infections.To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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References
- Matrix stone.J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2003; 27: 810-813
- Efavirenz-induced urolithiasis.Urol Res. 2006; 34: 288-289
- Efavirenz urolithiasis.AIDS. 2007; 21: 1992
- Urinary matrix calculi: report of 2 cases.J Urol. 1972; 108: 310-311
- Antibiotics therapy was effective in preventing bilateral staghorn renal matrix stones.Urol Res. 2011; 39: 69-72
- Matrix calculi.Proc R Soc Med. 1964; 57: 935-937
- Matrix calculi.Br J Radiol. 1975; 48: 807-810
Article info
Footnotes
The authors have no financial or other conflicts of interest to disclose.
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© 2016 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
